Autor: P. R. Mouton
Encuadernación: 280 págs
Idioma: English
Referencia: 978-1-118-44421-4
Nº Edición: 2014
Contenido:
Stereological methods provide researchers with unparalleled quantitative data from tissue samples and allow for well-evidenced research advances in a broad range of scientific fields. Presenting a concise introduction to the methodology and application of stereological research in neuroscience, Neurostereology provides a fuller understanding of the use of these methods in research and a means for replicating successful scientific approaches. Providing sound footing for future research, Neurostereology is a useful tool for basic and clinical researchers and advanced students looking to integrate these methods into their research.
Tabla de Contenidos:
Contributors ix
Preface xiii
1 Stereological Estimation of Brain Volume and Surface Area from MR Images 3
- Niyazi Acer and Mehmet Turgut
- Background 3
- The Cavalieri Principle 3
- Volume Estimation Using Spatial Grid of Points 7
- Surface Area Estimation 8
- Isotropic Cavalieri Design 14
- Sections Analyzed with Independent Grid Design 14
- Surface Area Using the Invariator 16
- Volume and Surface Area Estimation Using Segmentation Method 17
- Discussion 18
- References 19
- Webliography 21
- Appendix A: R Commands for Point Counting Method 21
- Appendix B: R Commands for Vertical Section to Estimate Surface Area 23
2 Cell Proliferation in the Brains of Adult Rats Exposed to Traumatic Brain Injury 27
- Sandra A. Acosta, Naoki Tajiri, Paula C. Bickford, and Cesar V. Borlongan
- Background 27
- Materials and Methods 28
- Results 29
- Discussion 33
- Acknowledgments 37
- References 37
3 Age Effects in Substantia Nigra of Asian Indians 39
- Phalguni Anand Alladi
- Background 39
- Materials and Methods 40
- Discussion 43
- Acknowledgments 48
- References 49
4 Design-Based Stereology in the Brain Bank Setting 53
- Mark W. Burke
- Background 53
- Specimen Preparation 53
- A Practical Application of Design-Based Stereology 57
- Results 59
- Conclusion 60
- References 61
5 Practical Stereology for Preclinical Neurotoxicology 63
- Mark T. Butt
- Background 63
- Specimen Quality 64
- Practical Stereology 70
- Software Validation/Verifi cation 70
- References 72
6 An Overabundance of Prefrontal Cortex Neurons Underlies Early Brain Overgrowth in Autism 73
- Eric Courchesne, Peter R. Mouton, Michael E. Calhoun, Clelia Ahrens-Barbeau, Melodie J. Hallet, Cynthia Carter Barnes, Karen Pierce, and Katarina Semendeferi
- Background 73
- Methods 74
- Results 78
- Discussion 80
- Acknowledgments 81
- References 82
7 Order in Chaos: Stereological Studies of Nervous Tissue 85
- Peter Dockery
- Background 85
- The Stereological Approach 85
- Axonal Number and Composition in the Murine Optic Nerve 91
- Axonal and Fiber Size Distributions 92
- The Myelin Sheath 93
- Conclusion 94
- References 95
8 Comparative Stereology Studies of Brains from Marine Mammals 99
- Nina Eriksen and Bente Pakkenberg
- Background 99
- Description of Different Marine Mammalian Brains 99
- Parts of the Brain 102
- References 109
- Appendix: Cited Stereological Approaches 110
9 Quantitative Assessment of Hippocampus Architecture Using the Optical Disector 113
- Shozo Jinno
- Background 113
- The Hippocampus 114
- Conclusion 123
- References 123
10 The Possible Applications (and Pitfalls!) of Stereological Analysis in Postmortem Brain Research 129
- Ahmad A. Khundakar and Alan J. Thomas
- Background 129
- The Legacy of Two-Dimensional (2D) Analysis 129
- Density: A Necessary Evil 130
- “Come on, Feel the Noise”: Recognizing Confounding Factors 130
- “I Am Not a Number”: The Importance of Sound Patient Clinical History 131
- Lessons Learned from Stereology: Toward a More Unifi ed Approach to Brain Banking and Postmortem Tissue Research (and Beyond!) 132
- Obtain the Full Reference Volume or “Make Do and Mend” 133
- Turn Down the “Noise” 134
- “Check the Information, Expand the Knowledge” 135
- Show Your Work! 135
- Conclusion 136
- Acknowledgments 136
- References 136
11 Visualization of Blood Vessels in Two-Dimensional and Three-Dimensional Environments for Vascular Stereology in the Brain 139
- Zerina Lokmic
- Background 139
- Vascular Stereology of Tissue Sections 139
- Visualization of Brain Blood Vessels 142
- Conclusion 149
- Acknowledgment 149
- References 149
12 Blood Flow Analysis in Epilepsy Using a Novel Stereological Approach 153
- Rocio Leal-Campanario, Luis Alarcon-Martinez, Susana Martinez-Conde, Michael Calhoun, and Stephen Macknik
- Background 153
- Materials and Methods 155
- Results 166
- Discussion 172
- References 173
13 AD-Type Neuron Loss in Transgenic Mouse Models 177
- Kebreten F. Manaye and Peter R. Mouton
- Background 177
- Materials and Methods 179
- Results 182
- Discussion 185
- Acknowledgments 187
- References 188
14 Quantification in Populations of Nonuniformly Distributed Cells in the Human Cerebral Cortex 191
- William L. Maxwell
- Background 191
- Materials and Methods 191
- Results 196
- Discussion 205
- References 208
15 The Effects of High-Fat Diet on the Mouse Hypothalamus: A Stereological Study 211
- Mohammad Reza Namavar, Samira Raminfard, Zahra Vojdani Jahromi, and Hassan Azari
- Background 211
- Materials and Methods 212
- Results 213
- Discussion 215
- Acknowledgments 217
- References 218
16 2D and 3D Morphometric Analyses Comparing Three Rodent Models 221
- JiHyuk Park and S. Omar Ahmad
- Background 221
- Materials and Methods 221
- Results 226
- Discussion 230
- References 235
17 A Stereologic Perspective on Autism Neuropathology 237
- Neha Uppal and Patrick R. Hof
- Background 237
- Cortical Areas 237
- Hippocampus 248
- Noncortical Areas 249
- Conclusions 253
- References 254
- Index 257
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